“I think the visibility and the level that the increased participation of organisations in Asian Pacific Heritage Month activities is also an indication of the increasing voice of Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders in civic life more generally,” said Karen Umemoto, director of the UCLA Asian-American Studies Center.

The ultimate US ghost towns: exploring ancient Native American settlements

“And also an indication of the spaces that we’ve come to collectively enter to be able to create those.”

Indeed, Asian-American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month celebrations are not relegated just to ethnic enclaves or culturally-specific venues. Across the US this year, events are planned at public libraries, parks and museums either highlighting a specific Asian culture or a myriad of them.

Many credit the observance’s origin to Jeanie Jew, a co-founder of the congressional Asian-Pacific staff caucus. In 1977, the Chinese-American shared a moving story with New York Republican representative Frank Horton about how her grandfather had helped build the transcontinental railroad in the 1800s and then was killed amid anti-Asian unrest.

Jew believed Asians should appreciate their heritage and “Americans must know about the contributions and histories of the Asian-Pacific-American experience”, Horton said in 1992, according to congressional archives.

At that time, Black History Month and Hispanic Heritage Month had already been instituted. Yet, Asian-Americans were described as the fastest growing racial group.

Horton and California Democratic Representative Norm Mineta proposed then-president Jimmy Carter issue a proclamation that the first week of May be “Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week”. Hawaii senators Daniel Inouye and Spark Matsunaga, both Democrats, brought up a similar bill in the Senate.

May was chosen because of two significant events. The first Japanese immigrants to the US arrived on May 7, 1843. Then on May 19, 1869, the final spike for the transcontinental railroad track, in which Chinese labourers played a crucial role, was embedded.

Umemoto recalls hearing talk of Asian Pacific Heritage Week as a college student. But it wasn’t something that was mainstream.

Olympic ice skating champion Yamaguchi ‘tickled pink’ to inspire a Barbie doll

“I think it was more of a kind of cultural celebration in the early days,” she said. “And so a lot of student groups, I remember as doing programming around the different histories, cultural traditions and issues in the community.”

In May 1990, president George H.W. Bush expanded the designation to the entire month. In 2009, president Barack Obama changed the name to Asian-American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month.

Now, President Joe Biden’s administration refers to it as Asian-American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Heritage Month.

“As artists and journalists, doctors and engineers, business and community leaders, and so much more, AA and NHPI peoples have shaped the very fabric of our Nation and opened up new possibilities for all of us,” Biden said in an official Asian-American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islanders Heritage Month proclamation issued on Tuesday.

The White House will hold a celebration in Washington on May 13 to commemorate 25 years since the inception of the White House Initiative on Asian-Americans, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders.

Asian-American and Pacific Islander advocacy groups have long used the month as a platform to bring resources to underserved communities and educate the public. But, the one-two punch of Covid-19 and assaults on Asian people in the US really gave some a new appreciation for the heritage month’s purpose.

Pre-pandemic, Amber Reed, of Montclair, New Jersey, did not really think about Asian-American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month. A Korean-American adoptee who grew up one of few Asian children in rural Michigan, she said she did not feel a strong connection to her Asian ancestry. That changed after the March 2021 Atlanta spa shootings that left eight dead, including six Asian women.

“Certainly it jolted me out of thinking that my family could be safe and that we could just sort of muddle through without sort of reckoning with some of the very vicious currents of racism in our culture,” Reed said.

“And I take no pride in having needed that moment to wake me up.”

Top court won’t review US school’s policy said to discriminate against Asians

In response to the shootings, Reed and around 50 others started the non-profit AAPI New Jersey – originally AAPI Montclair. Their advocacy began with surveys of local schools and other institutions’ recognition of Asian-American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month.

The group then quickly organised the Lantern Festival for Justice and Remembrance for May. The Chinese tradition of lighting lanterns became a vehicle to honour victims of hate or injustice, Reed said. The event is now in its fourth year.

“I think one thing Asian cultures do so well is provide these rituals, including for collective grief,” said Reed, who still finds it surreal that the group continues to grow.

The variety of subjects and cultures feted during Asian-American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month has flourished. There are events happening this month that include more narrow topics, such as a panel on the Asian-American Church in Pasadena, California.

There’s an Asian Comedy Fest in New York City. And in Wisconsin, the state will celebrate May 14 as Hmong-Lao Veterans Day, which was signed into law in 2021. Thousands of Hmong-Lao soldiers fought alongside US forces during the Vietnam war. Many Hmong and Laotian families resettled in Wisconsin.

These heritage month celebrations are helping to erode the notion that the whole population is a monolith, Umemoto said.

“I think it’s important for people to visibly see from a wide range of groups that fall under the category Asian-American and Pacific Islanders. There are over 70 different ethnic and national groups and over 100 languages spoken within those communities,” Umemoto said.

“And they’re very different.”