US museum’s major ancient China show featuring artefacts loaned from Chinese museums exemplifies cultural exchange amid countries’ ‘tense’ relations

Cleveland Museum of Art’s upcoming exhibition, ‘China’s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta’, will tell the story of the Jiangnan region
Featuring art borrowed from Chinese museums, including a portrait of an emperor and old scrolls, it is among the first collaborations of its kind after Covid

Art

Enid Tsui

Published: 12:00am, 22 Aug 2023

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Six major Chinese museums are among the international collaborators of a new exhibition at the Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA), a reminder that active cultural exchanges between China and America can continue despite continuing political tensions.

“Right now, it is very important to work with China in a time of tense relationship. And culture offers the possibility to connect, to collaborate and communicate,” says Clarissa von Spee, the curator behind “China’s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta”, which opens at the 110-year-old museum in Ohio, in the United States, on September 10.

There are around 200 items in the show, with a third selected from the Cleveland museum’s own collection as well as loans from a total of 30 private collections and institutions.

It tells the story of how the region – known as Jiangnan in Chinese – came to be an economic, political and cultural powerhouse, says von Spee, the chair of Asian art and curator of Chinese art of CMA, one of America’s wealthiest museums.

“Kangxi Portrait” (1622) depicts Qing dynasty Emperor Kangxi sitting in front of his books. Loaned from The Palace Museum, Beijing, this piece is one of 36 from Chinese institutions to be featured in the CMA exhibition. Photo: The Palace Museum, Beijing

The six Chinese museums have loaned 36 pieces, including a portrait of the Qing dynasty Emperor Kangxi from the Palace Museum in Beijing, a 12th-century silk robe from the China National Silk Museum, a fascinating painting titled A Gathering of Five Suzhou Natives from the Shanghai Museum, and works from the Nanjing Museum, Zhejiang Archaeological Institute and Zhejiang Provincial Museum.

Von Spee, a Chinese painting specialist, came up with the exhibition concept when she became a fellow at the China Academy of Art in Hangzhou in 2013.

“Twelve Views of Tiger Hill, Suzhou: The Thousand Buddha Hall and the Pagoda of the ‘Cloudy Cliff’ Monastery, after 1490”, by Shen Zhou (1427–1509), will feature in the CMA exhibition. Photo: Cleveland Museum of Art

“I would be there once or twice a year before the pandemic. I realised the importance of the region and how significant it has been culturally. There is also a discrepancy between the West’s knowledge of China and the regional diversity that exists in a country with as vast a land mass as the US,” she says.

The exhibition starts in the Neolithic era, when what is today’s Zhejiang province was the centre of the highly sophisticated Liangzhu culture that made, for example, the impeccable, circular jade disk in the museum’s own collection that was used in rituals about 5,000 years ago.

Jiangnan hadn’t always been associated with exquisite water towns and elegant gardens. Rather, the area near modern-day Shanghai used to be a wild place of exile where the damp climate was believed to shorten lives.

A section of “Imaginary Journey through Xiao Xiang” (circa 1170). The scroll will be borrowed from Japan’s Tokyo National Museum for the exhibition. Photo: TNM image Archives

“Those who were sent there were consoled by the natural beauty of the place and inspired to produce landscape paintings and write poems, such as [Chinese poet] Qu Yuan. That’s how the story of Jiangnan began,” von Spee says.

Museums allowed her to “cherry-pick” through their collections for loans, resulting in the works from China being shown with, for example, the rarely displayed 12th-century Imaginary Journey through Xiao-Xiang – one of the major highlights of the show, loaned from the Tokyo National Museum.

The handscroll is believed to have been painted by an artist with the surname Li and given to a Buddhist monk who couldn’t visit the Xiao and Xiang rivers himself.

For all these pieces to come together is a once-in-a-lifetime event

Clarissa von Spee, curator

The Qianlong Emperor, who reigned in China from 1735 to 1796, considered it one of the “Four Exemplary Handscrolls” in the Qing dynasty imperial collection. Today, it is an official national treasure in Japan.

Another seldom-seen piece is the 22-metre (72-foot) Kangxi Emperor’s Southern Inspection Tour, a 1698 handscroll from the University of Alberta Museums Art Collection.

“For all these pieces to come together is a once-in-a-lifetime event,” von Spee says.

“Raft Cup” (1345), a silver cup piece attributed to Zhu Bishan, will feature in the CMA exhibition. Photo: Cleveland Museum of Art

There are limits. The complex logistics meant that there was no capacity to include Taiwan, where the National Palace Museum has some of the world’s best art about the Jiangnan region, she says.

The Cleveland exhibition is one of the first instances of a Western institution engaging in significant exchange with Chinese counterparts after the Covid-19 pandemic.

For its “China’s Hidden Century” exhibition, which opened in May, the British Museum wasn’t able to borrow from major institutes in China because the show was organised through Covid-19 and lockdowns, making loans from China challenging, a museum spokesperson says.

Clarissa von Spee, curator of “China’s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi” at the Cleveland Museum of Art. Photo: Howard Agriesti, Cleveland Museum of Art

The Cleveland show is more indicative of the robustness of the curatorial team than any thawing of Sino-US relations, observes Brian Wong, an assistant professor at the University of Hong Kong and a Rhodes Scholar who has written about the risks of declining academic and cultural exchanges between the two countries.

“The arts have been immune thus far. I think that the Cleveland exhibition, built on decades of trust, has little to do with the White House and Washington, and therefore is able to go ahead.”