China’s rapidly declining fertility reflects the legacy of family planning policies, which had caused the birth rate to plummet well below replacement level by the 1990s. If it is to sustain its economic dynamism, it must expand its labour force by raising the retirement age and encouraging families to have more children.
The test, if reports are accurate, is neither of drastically new technology nor shows capabilities the US does not possess or has not already considered. Still, that China is developing such systems indicates it is seeking ways to defeat US missile defences.
The city state has deftly fortified strategic ties with the West while remaining a trusted interlocutor to and top investor in China. Although it was overlooked for the US’ upcoming democracy summit, Singapore remains America’s most reliable strategic partner in Southeast Asia.
Every Hongkonger who moves away is a loss for family and friends, and for the city. While fewer may leave under the BN(O) visa scheme than Britain predicts, we need to create a better city for new talent and existing residents alike.
The city’s demanding restrictions on returning residents have disrupted plans and imposed a mental and financial strains on many. More should be done to make Hongkongers comfortable and healthy in quarantine, and ensure hotels are affordable.
Half a century of evidence suggests that in all prosperous countries where women are well educated and free to choose whether to have children, fertility rates fall significantly. When populations no longer grow, there are fewer workers per retiree, but also a reduced need for infrastructure and housing investment.