Two-way agricultural trade between China and Southeast Asian nations can help address food security concerns on both sides, strengthen productivity and pose a fresh challenge to the traditional dominance of US and Australian exports.
It would boost Russia’s influence as a vital grain supplier, provide greater food security for Brics states and potentially change the dynamics of the global agricultural market, hitting Western exporters from the US to Australia.
After decades of delays over logistical and geopolitical disagreements, a rail link between China, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan is set to begin construction. With Russia no longer objecting to it, the way is clear for a project that will boost Beijing’s economic ties and diplomatic influence within Central Asia.
By using the grain corridor with Russia to further diversify supply routes, China can reduce its reliance on global chokepoints amid increasing pressure on them while also ensuring a more secure food supply chain. However, challenges remain.
Middle and small powers in the developing world are increasingly seeking alliances to secure their interests amid a backdrop of great power competition. New members could stand to gain handsomely from balancing or playing BRICS and the West off each other, but hurdles must be cleared before expansion can happen.
Massive dam-building projects aimed at strengthening China’s water supply are a major concern for neighbouring countries. As a regional leader and ‘upstream superpower’, it is up to Beijing to establish fair and sustainable mechanisms for cross-border water sharing.
The Chinese leader’s support for environmental protection will ensure it continues to play a big role in domestic policy. While improvements to the environment testify to the government’s commitment to its green agenda, challenges remain to realise China’s aspiration of ecological civilisation.